Extreme caution should be used when using a formula for torque/ tension relationships. Torque is only an indirect indication of tension. Under/over tightening of fasteners can result in costly equipment failure or personal injury.
Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
Torque specifications, especially for critical joints, should be determined under actual assembly conditions due to the many variables involved which are difficult to predict and do affect the torque-tension relationship.
The following suggested tightening torques provide an excellent starting point for determining torque requirements. Remember, you may need to vary these numbers somewhat based on the individual joint or the amount of fastener lubrication. This table is offered as the suggested maximum torque values for threaded products and is only a guide ...
Stainless Steel and Non-Ferrous are suggested maximum torque values based on actual lab testing. Stainless steel fasteners tend to gall while being tightened.
There are many varying factors which affect torque. The figures in this chart are safe figures for standard torque applications only. The chart below can be used to convert foot-pounds to meter-kilograms. The foot-pound column at the left increases in 10 ft.-ib. Increments from 0 to 110 ft.-ibs.
Cross-reference the bolt size and grade to find the recommended torque value. The chart provides torque specifications in inch-pounds (in.-lbs.) or foot-pounds (ft-lb). Download this as a pdf
Torque specifications, especially for critical joints, should be determined under actual assembly conditions due to the many variables involved which are difficult to predict and do affect the