Right-click anywhere on your Dekstop and click on Display Settings- > Go to the Scale and Layout section and click from the Scale option to select the size of your text, apps, and other items.

A newly published Apple Patent application describes technology that would let users adjust the size of their icons. The Patent ... with explanatory text for each. Every object that is stored ...

You still have to adhere to a grid, but other than that, you can freely place app icons, remove text labels ... Finally, iOS 18 lets you resize widgets without going through the whole dance ...