The catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase responsible for most of the effects of cAMP signaling, and PKA serves as a prototype for the entire kinase ...

While gluons are responsible for generating most of the visible mass in the universe, their role inside nuclei remains poorly understood. These massless particles mediate the strong nuclear force, ...

Using quantitative proteomics, the authors uncover that ZMAT3 knockout leads to upregulation of HKDC1, a gene linked to mitochondrial respiration, and that ZMAT3 suppresses HKDC1 expression by ...

The crystal structures of photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRCs) and photosystem II show large structural similarity. However, the proposed mechanisms of proton transfer toward ...

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is fundamental to many important biological reactions, including solar energy conversion and DNA synthesis. For example, class Ia ribonucleotide reductases ...