Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK ...

Downstream of these various stimuli, the signaling cascade of necroptosis depends on the activities of RIPK1, RIPK3, and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The activation and ...

This complex comprises of three key components: the rearranged kinase known as RET fusion, the adaptor protein GRB2; and the effector protein SHC1. Together, they orchestrate the Ras/MAPK signal ...

ABSTRACT: Autophagy is a conserved and tightly regulated cellular catabolic process that involves the lysosomal degradation pathway. Intracellular recycling of macromolecules and organelles provided ...

It has been believed that different signaling cascades are distinctively responsible for physiological ... Yet, whether SAS and its major effector, PKA (protein kinase A), play a role in PhCH remains ...

STPKs play critical roles in signalling pathways, such as the transforming growth factor-beta pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK ... and how this can alter protein signalling ...

Multiple protein kinase pathways often coordinate signaling networks and ... future studies is the elucidation of how signal separation and integration between PK cascades is accomplished. Moreover, ...

The Hippo kinase cascade represses the growth-promoting transcription co-activator Yorkie. The FERM protein Expanded is one of the main upstream Hippo signalling regulators in Drosophila as it ...

It is very difficult to accomplish the kinase phosphorylation cascade reaction with inkjet printing because of the complex optimization of various reaction conditions inherent to transient ...

cytoskeletal proteins or transcription factors, in all eukaryotic cells. A typical MAPK cascade consists of at least three sequentially acting serine/threonine kinases, a MAP kinase kinase kinase ...

External signals can then activate the kinase as it becomes recruited to the cell membrane. Such signaling cascades are initiated by the docking of protein ligands such as insulin or growth ...