Although oral anticholinergic agents have been effective in controlling urinary urgency ... is a tertiary amine that exists commercially as a racemic mixture of R- and S- enantiomers. The mechanism of ...

However, recent population-based studies that assessed the use of anticholinergics or bladder antimuscarinics ... and in brain efflux mechanisms, their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) may ...

Although many subjects with asthma consider LAR to be one of the defining symptoms of their disease, and despite its widespread use in the clinical assessment of new therapeutic entities, the ...

In the mid-1980s, Novo Nordisk had synthesized a compound, xanomeline, that worked by a pharmacodynamic mechanism stimulating ... it with the peripheral anticholinergic trospium to preempt ...

The concept of ‘idiopathic’ Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a single entity has been challenged with the identification of several clinical subtypes, pathogenic genes and putative causative environmental ...

Anticholinergic activities may not arise exclusively from an individual agent with strong anticholinergic effects ... Substances cross the BBB by a variety of mechanisms [13] . One example includes ...

Olanzapine blocks serotonin receptors more strongly than dopamine receptors, which is a proposed mechanism for effects on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Anticholinergic effect due to ...

The investigational agent xanomeline-trospium (KarXT, Karuna Therapeutics), which combines a muscarinic receptor agonist with an anticholinergic ... its novel and unique mechanism of action ...

We should admit that constipation in PD patients may result not only from myenteric ganglion dysfunction or the mechanisms mentioned above but also from side effects of anti-PD drugs, especially ...