During cell-to-cell spread, HIV-1 protease activity triggers CARD8 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release from macrophages, which may contribute to inflammation and chronic immune activation.

[2] ibid. [3] ibid. [4] ibid. [5] ibid. [6] Stefan Baral et al. (15 March 2012) “Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis ...

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