The feasibility of electroless Ni plating to compensate the Cu bump height variation in Cu-Cu 3-D packaging was investigated. After fabricating Cu pillar bump and Cu micro-stud structure on the top ...

The effect of aluminium surface morphology on the nickel UBM was observed. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment of Al pad surface by heat sodium hydroxide and mixed acid provided denser zinc ...

A number of phosphorus (P) sources contaminate surface waters. These include agriculture, municipal sewage treatment plants, individual septic treatment systems, decaying plant material, runoff from ...

The influence of a surfactant on the composition of nickel – yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) cermet coatings, applied by electroless nickel plating technique was examined. The amphiphilic ...

Achieving fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with reliable cyclability remains a significant challenge. In this study, we investigate the use of phosphorus nanolayers as a strategy to enhance ...