Analyze why gold (inert, rare, malleable) or platinum (catalytic converters) became currency/industry staples. Debate blockchain’s "energy-hungry" chemistry (Bitcoin mining’s carbon footprint vs.

About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk. One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and splinter into endless ...

Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 12, ...

The exceptional potential for application that metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) have shown, has steadily increased their demand in many different scientific and technological areas, including the ...

‡ Department of Genetics, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States § Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illnois 60208, United States # ...

18. Another species, Deinococcus radiodurans, can survive almost 10,000 times the dose of radiation lethal to humans, making it a prime candidate for the cleanup of nuclear waste. 19. The Midas touch: ...

The incident ultraviolet (UV) irradiance on the surface of Mars is strongly sterilizing and plays a critical role in atmospheric and near-surface photochemistry. To date, these processes have been ...