The symptoms of osteoarthritis include inflammation of synovial joints, osteophyte formation and articular cartilage degeneration. Although, clear understanding of the causes of osteoarthritis remains ...

Corresponding author: Upper Extremity and Reconstructive Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, 190 Silom Road, ...

Patients were excluded if they had growth abnormalities or any condylar degenerative disorders, such as hypoplasia or hyperplasia, flattening of the articular ... of TMJ morphology before proceeding ...