Abstract: An annular electron beam emitted from a flat ferroelectric cathode is demonstrated in this paper. The cathode with a pierced ring-shaped front electrode was operated in two different ...

Multi-focusing, array of optical spots, annular beams, top hat beams, optical vortices, petal-like beams, bifocal and multifocal lenses, bottle and extended-focus beams lenses, etc. are some of the ...

Their design has three segments that, collectively, efficiently align and transform a conventional Gaussian beam into an annular beam and then, finally, a Bessel beam of the desired order and OAM ...

Abstract: The maximum achievable gain and the corresponding source distribution for an annular or “donut”-shaped beam produced by a circular aperture are studied. Expressing the source in terms of ...

Editor's Note: This article was updated to correct the date of the solstice. It was June 20, not 21. The summer solstice isn't the only celestial event on the books this weekend. An annular solar ...

It is based on a flexural beam principle where ... Register or Sign in below to download the full article in .PDF format, including high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable.

According to the predicted formulas, computer simulation examples are given to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of the FOBs passing through some optical systems of annular aperture ...