From 2017 to 2022, the number of women in trades rose from about 241,000 to nearly 354,000. That’s an increase of about 47%. Even so, women still constitute just 5.3% of welders in the United States.

Numerical simulations are commonly employed for comprehending and prognosticating welding procedures. However, repair often requires supplementary actions such as gouging for defect removal. Thermal ...