Each applies pressure via a pneumatic cylinder and heating via resistance from applied current/voltage. Photo Credit: DLR Institute of Structures and Design and ZLP Augsburg Resistance welding: ...

Here's how the fiery process works. On many older railways ... a continuously welded rail—methods like flash-butt welding, gas-pressure welding, enclosed-arc welding and the one in the video ...

the process creates local heat and melt through ultrasonic agitation of the polymer molecules. The pressure from the pneumatic actuator force collapses the molten joint feature and holds it in ...

the joint has to be consolidated under pressure and cooled, either actively using a cooling medium such as compressed air, or passively by convection. Up to now, the standard two-dimensional ...