The numbers of the principal regulatory elements present in insulin promoters are listed. Given the complexity and uncertainty of predicting the transcriptional outcome of mutations within ...

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) system acts as a sensor of cellular energy status that is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. It is activated by increases in the cellular AMP:ATP ratio caused ...

CNP-103 is a biodegradable nanoparticle encapsulating four recombinant proteins known to promote islet cell destruction: preproinsulin, GAD65, IGRP, ZnT8. Notably, these proteins cover >95% of known ...

Insulin signaling pathway is conserved across species. The figure (Garofalo, TIEM 2002, pdf) below shows the conserved pathways in fly, worm and mammals. Although, it is not clear whether the insulin ...

Identifying biomarkers of functional β-cell loss is an important step in the risk stratification of type 1 diabetes. Genetic risk scores (GRS), generated by profiling an array of single nucleotide ...

Methods: In this work we have investigated, in early-onset T1D pediatric patients and HLA-matched controls from Sardinia, the potential of preproinsulin (PPI) and glutamate decarboxylase 65 ...

Insulin is a major self-antigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and as such, insulin-based immunotherapies have been trialed to treat the underlying autoimmunity but with minimal clinical benefit. Here, we ...