Molecular machine learning (ML) underpins critical workflows in drug discovery, material science, and catalyst optimization ...

Molecular crystals, such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), are ordered structures formed by organic molecules linked through noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or π-π ...

A new study from physicists at The University of Texas at Austin shows that this tradeoff is governed by a molecular tuning knob and that evolution has been optimizing this setting in identical ...

May 28, 2025 — Researchers find high-fat diets set off metabolic dysfunction in cells, leading to weight gain, but these effects can be reversed by treatment with ... Researchers Engineer a ...

Black smoke is produced by burning ballots with chemicals like potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulfur. White smoke is created by burning ballots with a mixture of potassium chlorate ...

In that case, the ballots are burned with three different chemicals; one is potassium perchlorate, then there is anthracene, and finally, sulfur. There used to be a yellow smoke, too (fumata gialla).

In 2013, the Vatican confirmed that their fumata recipes now consist of a clear black smoke recipe: potassium perchlorate (KClO₄), an “oxidising substance” that provides oxygen to the ...

To produce black smoke, a cartridge containing potassium perchlorate, anthracene — the component of coal tar — and sulfur is burned with the ballots. For white smoke, a cartridge of potassium ...

For black smoke, a chemical compound of potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulfur is used to make the smoke darker. To create the white smoke, a mixture of potassium chloride, lactose ...