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Most of my readers are quite familiar with the great rulers of the Renaissance: Henry VIII and his consecutive marital ...

For centuries, the Ottoman Empire and Persia clashed over territory, influence, and religion but despite their power, the Ottomans never fully conquered Persia. This video explores why: from fierce ...

York’s civic coat of arms is a shield of St George’s flag with five lions arranged across the red cross bit. There’s a ...

Şerif Arif Mardin, Libertarian Movements in the Ottoman Empire 1878-1895, Middle East Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Spring, 1962), pp. 169-182 ...