(An“isthmus” is a narrow strip of land ... a new current pattern that we call the Gulf Stream today. With warm Caribbean waters flowing toward the northeast Atlantic, the climate of ...

The isthmus formed when the Caribbean tectonic plate wedged between plates carrying the Americas, Montes said. Resulting tectonic activity raised the seafloor while creating volcanoes that ...

For centuries the West India Islands, circling the Caribbean, and guarding the exterior approaches to the Isthmus, continued to be the greatest single source of tropical products, which had become ...

Before the isthmus arose, waters from the Caribbean and Pacific mingled, allowing local marine life to call both oceans home. But the watery gap separated plants and animals that lived on land ...

The closure of the isthmus eventually led to the development of coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean and the formation of a nutrient-rich, upwelling current in the Pacific. It also caused the so ...

As a whole, these structures comprised a defensive line to protect Portobelo’s harbour and the mouth of the Chagres River, which were the Caribbean terminals of the transcontinental route across the ...

The closure of the Isthmus, which took place 2.8 million years ago, caused significant changes in the marine environments on both sides. The Caribbean side became warmer, more saline, and nutrient ...

This landmass connects North and South America, thus separating the Pacific Ocean from the Caribbean Sea, and serves as an ideal location for observing “real-time evolution”. The closure of the ...

New fossil mammal specimens from Caribbean Panama suggest ongoing marine interchange during the final stages of formation of the isthmus connecting North and South America. Between 6.4 and 5.8 ...

We landed near the border with Colombia, close to where the Isthmus of Panama is at its narrowest, on a little airstrip wedged between the blue sparkle of the Caribbean and the green intensity of ...