even if the fixation is supplemented with a brace. This article revisits the issue of posterior cervical spine instrumentation. Posterior cervical plates have become a powerful tool for spine ...

In the past, treatment was based on antibiotic use and rest, but recently, surgery has become more common. Posterior fixation, in which the normal spine is fixed with pedicle screws and rods to ...

David Noriega said, “Limiting unintended stress during thoracolumbar fusion surgery is essential to reducing complications like screw loosening and implant failure. Optimizing the fixation ...

[4] In the average sized patient, a screw length of approximately 14 to 16 mm will usually achieve safe bicortical fixation without ... the issue of posterior cervical spine instrumentation.