The macroeconomic effects of cash transfers appear to work through demand for locally produced goods and services. The estimates for Brazil are also fairly large compared with estimates for the United ...

This paper provides new evidence on the macroeconomic impact of cash transfers in developing countries. Using a Bartik-style identification strategy, the paper documents that Brazil’s Bolsa Familia ...

Brazil's share of exports and imports of goods and services has risen from 24.3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2017 to 39.2% in 2021. Brazil’s integration into the global economy has ...