These non-reusable spacecraft had ablative heat shields that were bonded directly ... The TPS design consists of two types of ...

But the charred material is intended to stay in place, providing a layer of insulation. During the Artemis 1 re-entry, more charred material separated from the heat shield than computer models ...

Some of the more notable debris on Mars includes pieces of the Viking landers, heat shields, pieces of insulation and, more recently, parachutes and backshells from rover missions Curiosity and ...

Another challenge is designing spacecraft that can last for years—or even decades. Deep space missions, like Voyager 1 and 2, ...

Local management isn’t mentioning an official date, but it is confirming the closure of Emporia’s Thermal Ceramics plant.