However, many industries use evaporation and distillation techniques rather than membranes, because membranes can be costly to scale up and they are not resistant to the organic solvents used in ...

Image credit: extraktLAB. Rotary evaporation alone, though, can’t cope as the extract gets more refined and its viscosity increases. This is why wiped filtration must be introduced. “Wiped film ...

Common practical techniques that use apparatus include filtration, evaporation and distillation, Drawn in pencil. Lines should be firm and continuous with no gaps or shading - not sketchy like in art.

This technique does not require extra solvents to catalyze the distillation process and can offer high evaporation rates for higher levels of distillate consolidation with good degrees of automation.