It is shown that compressive mechanical stress considerably enhances the impact ionization rate and the generation of secondary electron-hole pairs. These can be trapped in the gate oxide and cause a ...

Electron transport layers (ETLs) play a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through charge extraction. Here, we developed flexible PSCs on 12 different kinds of ETLs based on SnO2. We ...

The compact integrated quantum magnetometer of Fraunhofer IAF is based on nitrogen vacancies (NV) in diamond and offers new applications in biomedicine, materials testing, navigation, and geology.

Pyrogenic carbon contains redox-active functional groups and polyaromatic carbon matrices that are both capable of transferring electrons. Several techniques have been explored to characterize the ...

The universe's invisible dark matter might swirl into spinning clumps laced with countless tiny vortices, new theoretical work suggests ... made of particles lighter than a millionth of an electron's ...

The magnetization reversal processes in Fe/sub 20/Ni/sub 80/ dot arrays have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The circular-shaped dots with thickness of 60 nm and variable diameters ...