Paralleling the idea of electron shells in atomic physics, in 1949 scientists proposed the nuclear shell model: protons and neutrons sit in distinct nuclear shells, and additional energy input can ...

The Standard Model of particle physics explains the ... but we discovered electrons, protons, and neutrons. Now we know that particles like neutrons and protons can be further divided into quarks ...

A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology used Frontier to chart the isospin density of a neutron ...

ChatGPT isn't a monolith. Since OpenAI first released the buzzy chatbot in 2022, it has rolled out what seems like a new model every few months, using a confusing panoply of names. A number of ...

These photons can strike nearby nuclei, causing "electromagnetic dissociation" – a process that ejects protons and neutrons. Illustration of an ultra-peripheral collision where the two lead ion ...