Notably, biolistic transformation facilitates genome editing without T-DNA integration while delivering high gene dosages (Eudes et al., 2014; Ozyigit and Yucebilgili Kurtoglu, 2020).

To realize an efficient hybridization of oligonucleotides, a DNA self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed of branched probe DNA containing single- and double-stranded portions was prepared on a gold ...