Betalains are tyrosine-derived pigments that consist of red-violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins. These pigments are major sources of natural food dyes in the United States. Decades of table ...

The lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp, PTPN22) is a critical negative regulator of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ptpn22 gene correlates with ...