🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Curtain walls are the first structural element that subjected to wind loads. There are cases in which wind loads controls the structural design of curtain walls that may ...

The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

Drones in construction are advanced unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras and sensors that revolutionize how construction sites are surveyed and monitored. These devices enable real-time data ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Quality tests on concrete are performed as a part of quality control of concrete structures. Different quality tests on concrete such as compressive strength tests, slump ...

Pointing is the finishing of mortar joints in brick or stone masonry construction. Pointing is the implementing of joints to a depth of 10 mm to 20 mm and filling it with better quality mortar in ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Spalling is break away of concrete surface which often extends to the top layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls may be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25mm or more in depth, and ...

There are different types of windows used in building construction to provide ventilation, and view. The selection of windows depends on many criteria. A window is a vented barrier provided in a wall ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods, procedures and their applications in strengthening of different types of ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The initial setting time of concrete is the time when cement paste starts hardening while the final setting time is the time when cement paste has hardened sufficiently in ...

Epoxy is a paint, plastic, adhesive, or thermoset plastic material made by mixing two or more industrial chemical compounds to provide a high degree of resistance against wear and tear. It provides ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Bridge bearings are structural equipment or devices installed between bridge substructure and superstructure to transfer the applied load including earthquake loads; wind ...