Planetary boundary layer (PBL) scaling heights determined from potential temperature or specific humidity mixed layer depths could differ by a factor of two. The ‘gradient’ wind level is ...

This schematic of the planetary boundary layer (red line) shows exchanges of moisture and movement of aerosols that occur between the Earth's surface and this lowest level of the atmosphere ...

Our simulation showed that wind would routinely exceed the minimum ... This level, also known as the planetary boundary layer, is where most of the weather we can see occurs.

Ecosystems and wildlife are struggling to adapt to a quickly warming world as the planetary boundary for climate ... The stratospheric ozone layer that protects all life on Earth from the sun ...

The 14 scientists conclude in the scientific journal Science and Technology that humanity has exceeded a planetary boundary related ... the ozone layer, forests, freshwater and biodiversity.

A nearby weather station also monitored atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and wind speed. Using these observations, researchers characterized the boundary layer at Dome A and its effect ...