When Hodgkin and Huxley performed their classic experiments using the voltage clamp to analyze the conductances underlying the action potential 1, they understood the importance of inserting wires ...

For voltage clamp experiments, prepare internal solution as follows: 110 mM CsCl, 30 mM CsF, 1 mM MgCl 2, 1 mM CaCl 2, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mM EGTA and 0.4 mM Na-GTP. Adjust the pH to 7.4 with CsOH.