But a MZM exists in a vortex, a tornado-like swirl of electrons in the topological defects of a superconducting material. Research to date has insisted that such vortices can only be generated by ...

Their findings, published in the journal Physical Review X, revealed the existence of quantum tornadoes—topological vortex ...

This structure integrates key features such as topological skyrmions, transverse orbital angular momentum, spatiotemporal fields, and electromagnetic vortex streets, forming a propagation-stable ...