In this module, we introduce the general definition of angular momentum operator based on rotation operator. This general definition allows both orbital and spin angular momentum. We then derive the ...

If electrons must have spin but can't be spinning, then where does that angular momentum come from ... subatomic particles meets the most famous equation in the world: E = mc 2, which encapsulates ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about physics, science, academia, and pop culture. Quantum mechanics introduces a bunch of new phenomena that seem ...

A similar principle applies to measuring a particle’s spin angular momentum, which involves observing how the polarisation of incident light is changed by the interaction with the particle ...