Thus, gene expression is vital to the effectiveness of the gradient in specifying different cell fates. The presence of a Dpp gradient in fruit fly wings has been demonstrated in living flies ...

See that similar RanGTP gradient surrounds the chromosomes both in mammalian cell and Xenopus extract. How does Ran GTPase control both protein import during interphase and spindle attachment to ...

Why does gradient descent work? Specifically, what can we guarantee about the point it converges to? In addition to gradient descent, we explore a large variety of optimization methods. What are the ...