By adopting a polar coordinate system, rotation, and retraction steps, the manufacturing of these structures can be easy achieved." Many advanced 3D printing techniques, with fast printing speed ...

But it doesn’t work like that. The custom machine they constructed utilises a polar coordinate system, with a rotating bed (the ‘theta’ axis) and four radial axis gantries arranged at 90 ...

and finally an encoder was added to the base of the plotter to more accurately correct positional errors in the rotating arm mechanism. With everything said and done, the polar coordinate plotter ...