The estimation of surface longwave radiation is central to understanding the Earth’s energy budget, climate dynamics and numerous surface processes. Modern research has substantially advanced the ...

Climate models predict large increases in downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) at Earth’s surface as atmospheric CO₂ concentrations increase. Here we introduce a novel methodology that allows these ...

Diagram depicting the two main processes for quasi-linear surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Left: enhancement of meridional surface temperature gradient by the greenhouse ...

Earth's tropical regions drive some of the most powerful weather and climate variability globally. Among these, the ...

Surface downward radiation (SDR), including shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) and longwave downward radiation (LWDR), is of great importance to energy and climate studies. Considering the lack of ...

The BMKG has issued an early warning for heavy rainfall, accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds, for several areas.

BMKG warned of another week of extreme weather across the country, just days after Bali was hit by its most severe flooding ...

In conclusion, uneven ocean warming is altering climate states and the MJO's rhythm. Since the MJO shapes rainfall, cyclones, and stratospheric processes, accurately capturing its dynamics is vital ...

Researchers from Slovenia’s University of Ljubljana have developed a novel model for calculating energy fluxes on PV green roofs. Green roofs are rooftops that are covered with vegetation, such as ...

Researchers have discovered that changes in clouds are slightly mitigating global warming. While greenhouse gases continue to cause temperatures to rise, a reduction in low-cloud cover over land has ...