A ground fire burns organic soil. A surface fire moves through grasses ... These date back to the early Devonian, when plants first began colonizing land. Some places and eras have burned more ...

The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s controversial decision to forgo soil testing in communities burned in the Eaton and ...

Rebuilding in Altadena and Pacific Palisades has begun, despite the lack of official requirements to test soil for heavy ...

So scientists and residents are testing fire-affected properties themselves ... Still, fears abound that pollutants could linger on the land long after federal authorities clear about 4.25 ...

This was not the case for the deadly South Fork and Salt fires that together burned more the 25,000 acres of land at moderate to high intensity, taking with them valuable nutrients and organic matter.

Rain on burned hillslopes can trigger dangerous floods and debris flows. Those debris flows can move with the speed of a freight train, picking up or destroying anything in their path. They can move ...