These non-reusable spacecraft had ablative heat shields that were bonded directly ... The TPS design consists of two types of ...
But the charred material is intended to stay in place, providing a layer of insulation. During the Artemis 1 re-entry, more charred material separated from the heat shield than computer models ...
That’s when crew members started to spot big cracks on Orion’s lower surface, where the capsule’s exterior bonds to its heat shield. But why wouldn’t a shield that has endured temperatures ...