Chemical structure of guanine, showing its double-ring purine structure and the functional groups involved in hydrogen bonding with cytosine. (Image: Public Domain) Guanine has the chemical formula ...

In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds, forming a stable base pair. The sequence of these base pairs along the DNA strand encodes genetic information. During DNA replication, ...

With the arrival of a new class of single-nucleotide editors, researchers can target the most common type of pathogenic SNP in humans. Now, researchers at Harvard University have designed a new class ...

Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one ...

How can just four nitrogenous bases--adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil--possibly code for all 20 amino acids? Thus, early researchers quickly determined that the smallest combination of As ...

Traits as diverse as the color of a person's eyes and the scent of a rose are determined by the information contained in DNA. Learn how this information is coded by strings of molecules called ...