John Ferling’s “Shots Heard Round the World” explores how France and Spain came to help the colonies throw off England’s rule ...

This class explores societal groups across the North American continent ... European and Native American groups alongside the emergence of African slavery in North America. The semester concludes with ...

In the centre, was the large, bickering United Province of Canada - composed of the French-Catholic ... its colonies. The costs, especially of defending British North America, were burdens that ...

French-speakers made up almost a third ... and a brilliant political mind would help shape the British colonies of North America into one nation.

France had smuggled roughly two million pounds of gunpowder and 60,000 French arms into the Colonies—roughly one for every soldier in the Continental Army. These shipments led to the American ...