In fact, 15 degrees of external rotation of the foot is considered normal. Sometimes the hip is positioned so that the leg turns outward naturally when walking, Mansdorf writes in an e-mail.

The issue: The foot can sit naturally in a degree of external rotation – when the toes of each foot are further apart than the heels. But it can go too far, causing form issues. If the ...

For abduction-external rotation injuries accompanied by massive swelling of the foot and ankle, reduction by suspension in the manner of Quigley may be useful (Fig 8).

They looked retrospectively at the radiographs of 300 cases, determining that roughly 60% were produced by external rotation, 20% by abduction, 15% by adduction, 3% by vertical loading or ...