The frequency bin is shown on the vertical axis of the spectrum, which can be converted into a velocity value using the Doppler equation. Both the forward and reverse Doppler signals are displayed ...

This is invaluable for short-range weather forecasting or nowcasting. A simple mathematical expression, the Doppler equation, gives the change of frequency in terms of the motion of source and ...

From Equation (3), we can see that all of the incident modes are converted by the spinning objects into a series of identical OAM modes that experience different Doppler frequency shifts ...