There is no clear evidence for the superiority of closed- or open-system suctioning, nor is there clear evidence for appropriate vacuum pressures and suction catheter size. Sterility does not seem ...
For each suction episode, and with the system open to atmosphere, a catheter (Mallinckrodt, Rowville, Victoria, Australia) was inserted to the tip of the ETT and suction was applied for 6 s ...
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