Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

Analog behavioral modelling (ABM) allows designers to implement their own devices when only first order effects are necessary. In-line equation syntax differs from editor to editor. IsSpice4 uses the ...

The aim of the course is to provide insights and understanding of complex static and dynamic behavior of circuits consisting or bipolar and MOS transistors. Topics will include: global properties of ...

Building reliable hardware requires that you account for all tolerances during the design stage. Many references discuss active component errors resulting from parameter deviations—showing how to ...

My research projects in the area of nonlinear systems deal with finding dc operating points, steady state, and transient responses of electronic circuits. These are essential tasks in electrical ...