Microbial light-driven ion-pumping rhodopsins generate the membrane potential in response to light by actively transporting ions across the cell membrane 1. In the light-adapted state, the chromophore ...

RIKEN biochemists have discovered how a miniscule pump in a marine microbe shuttles negative ions into the cell by changing shape when activated by light 1. As well as providing insights into how ...

Dot and cross diagrams help us to model when ions are formed from atoms. Here’s an example using sodium and chlorine. They form ions which bond to form sodium chloride. 2. Work out how many electrons ...

The chloride ion channel ASOR is found in almost all our cells. But apart from its involvement in cell death, not much is known about its physiological role. Two years ago, researchers of the FMP and ...