In particular, patients with a grade V aortic atheroma, among whom the risk of subsequent stroke is high, generally start to receive clopidogrel or warfarin postoperatively, although definitive ...

Vascular disease history (peripheral arterial disease, previous MI, aortic atheroma) is not included in the CHADS 2 score, but is included in the CHADS 2 Vasc score. A score of 0 indicates a very ...