the subclavian arteries branch into the internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, and dorsal scapular artery. There are two types of arteries ...

Vertebral artery revascularization should be considered where medical therapy has failed to alleviate symptoms. Prior to pursing an intervention, the anatomy of the anterior and posterior ...

WE have recently studied 2 patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia in whom a reversal of blood flow through the left vertebral artery was demonstrated. In both cases the anatomic lesion ...

Both the proximal and the distal segments of the extracranial vertebral artery are mobile; the artery is anchored at its origin, within the cervical spinal column, and at the point at which it ...

January 31, 2011 — New guidelines on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease (ECVD ... particularly those with anatomy unfavorable for stenting ...