are powerful but not always historically helpful ways to conceive of the 13th Amendment and the other two Reconstruction amendments. While slavery did not create the American republic, the ...

The Reconstruction Congress enforced the 13th Amendment with the 1867 Anti-Peonage Act ... competition and hurt workers by suppressing the wages of as many as 30 million American workers. The agency ...

The term described the duality of being a Black American ... s Reconstruction era, which lasted a little more than three decades, from the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 ...