Caption In the ionosphere, high-altitude winds tend to push on chunky, charged particles more than small, negatively charged electrons. This separation between ions and electrons creates an ...

Starting at an altitude of around 250 kilometers (155 miles), in a layer of the atmosphere called the ionosphere, extreme ultraviolet and solar radiation ionizes atmospheric atoms, breaking off ...

Shortwave radio waves (in the HF range) are absorbed by the increased particles in the low altitude ionosphere, thereby causing a complete blackout of radio communications called shortwave fadeout.