What happens when crusaders fight for a caliphate? This video tells the remarkable story of Christian warriors who served the Almoravid Caliphate against the Almohads. Set during the height of the ...

Amira K. Bennison, The Almoravid and Almohad Empires (Edinburgh University Press, 2016) Hugh Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus (Longman, 1996) ...

The celebrated Muslim sociologist and historian, Ibn Khaldun, who lived a short time after the fundamentalist Muslim Berber dynasties of North Africa (the Almoravids and the Almohads, 11th -13th ...