This is the grammar of degrees, and there are three degrees of adjectives and adverbs: positive, comparative and superlative. Adjectives describe nouns.

Quantifiers and intensifiers are adverbs that are used to talk about quantities, amounts or degree. Quantifiers and intensifiers are words such as enough, a lot, a little or very. Adverbs of time ...

Well, these words are known as degree adverbs and one of the differences between the words you mention is their degree of formality, which would affect the times you use them.