or with an RGB depth camera (like the now-discontinued Intel RealSense). Those methods capture 2D imagery from a single perspective, combined with depth data to give an understanding of a scene ...

In the case of this single-pixel camera, the known information is the illumination, which is a Hadamard matrix pattern displayed on the 64 x 64 pixel LED matrix, ergo 4,096 possible patterns.

Insta360 has launched its latest 360-degree action camera, the X4 ... degree footage on platforms like YouTube or cropping out a perspective you like from a 360-degree recording.