By the 10th century, Córdoba was the biggest, most cultured city in Europe, described by some as “the Ornament of the World.” The city was also a great center of study and exploration.

Built in the 10th century by Caliph Abd al-Rahman III ... She offers private tours in Cordoba on ToursByLocals. Offering ...

was made in the 10th century, in the royal workshops of Madinat al-Zahra, the palace city near modern-day Cordoba. It is crafted from a single piece of elephant tusk. Scenes reflecting the might ...

Founded by the Romans, the city was later ruled by the Visigoths and then became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate and Europe's second-largest city by the 10th century. The city was then ...